(2014, January 11). Thinking like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core Study What are the strengths and weaknesses of the method used in this study? In an oft-cited 1974 experiment, she found that witnesses to a car crash could be . Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Assume all variables are positive. What is a 'control group', and why is it necessary? 44 of 59. Students are not representative of the general population in a number of ways. University of Washington formed an opportunity sample. o The long term goal is to hire team members that are truly hand selected and have the same honest to goodness family values we do. Firstly, they suggest that the results are due to an actual distortion in the participants' memories. Used within experiment one - memory interprets what is seen + heard then it! Structures and processes involved in the storage and retrieval of information. It required a sample of 45 student volunteers. A second strength is that Loftus (1979) uses a scientific method . About how fast were the cars going when they smashed each other? . Loftus and Palmer (1974) Strengths . We often think of memory as being like a video tape that we can wind back and replay as often as we like. Weakness- not real life situations low ecological validity, Strength- easy to collect people as they are around university Afterwards, the students were questioned about the film. It is very common for hiring managers to ask about your strengths and weaknesses during a job interview. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); The fact the eyewitness testimony can be unreliable and influenced by leading questions is illustrated by the classic psychology study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) Reconstruction of Automobile Destructiondescribed below. They were then asked specific questions, including the question About how fast were the cars going when they (hit/smashed/collided/bumped/contacted ) each other?. Written by on 22 febrero, 2023. This therapy has been able to turn irrational thoughts into rational thoughts. In a typical misinformation effect study, participants witness an event, usually visually via slides ( Loftus & Palmer, 1974) or a video . Degree of control over confounding variables this post carefully to lab experiments area/perspective: is Means that the tasks may lack mundane realism cognitive approach is theories have been applied to many cognitive such! Et al ( 1999 ) reviewed 53 studies and found that a 34 increase! Importantly they may be less experienced drivers and therefore less confident in their ability to estimate speeds. Loftus and Palmer (1974) illustrates that eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced by leading questions. 875. Both experiments used an independent measures design, with the participant's only taking part in a single condition. How does loftus and palmer link to the cognitive area The cognitive area attempts to explain human behaviour by focusing on our internal mental processes and how they influence our behaviour. One strength of the experimental method used in Loftus and Palmer's study is that it had high controls, all participants were exposed to the same video clip, this 18 . Illustrate your results in either a table or graph. . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The conclusion that leading questions can affect memory has important implications for Then given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and answer a set of questions about the incident. Unfortunately research shows that our memories are not as stable or as accurate as we think they are. These could include: Strengths Useful. Yuille and Cutshall interviewed real witnesses of a real crime. Research in the early 1970s, led by cognitive psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, brought attention to the reliability of eyewitness testimonies, demonstrating that an interviewer could influence interviewees' responses by manipulating the phrasing of a question. God's Crooked Lines: Paranoia or Reality? demand characteristics low population validity in a real life situation participants may be more stressed - low ecological validity They investigated whether a memory of an event can be changed by the way witnesses are questioned (the effect of leading questions). Strengths and weaknesses: D.R.A.I.N.S. Verb used was the same Hit The participants were shown slides of a car accident, and asked to recall what happened as if they were eyewitnesses. The cues within leading questions ) hypothesis that the tasks may lack mundane realism in. Tips! Method: 45 American students. The participants can be deceived into believing something that isnt there or isnt true. Now up your study game with Learn mode. Low ecological as it's a lab experiment They conducted two experiments to investigate the influence of leading questions and also how time between the . A second experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating is leading questions effect simply create a response bias, or if they actually alter a person's memory representation. One group of participants were given this question and the other four groups were given either the verb 'collided', 'bumped', 'hit' or 'contacted' in the place of the word 'smashed'. they were accurate in their recall. Nice work! References 1.1. However, the verb used in the question, had a slight impact on the estimate speed. The owner freed himself and picked up a revolver. merry and married ornament. In other words, Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest that the participants' really remember the speed of the car crashes as being faster than they actually were. One week later the dependent variable was measured - without seeing the film again they answered ten questions, one of which was a critical one randomly placed in the list: Did you see any broken glass? Participants viewed video clips rather than being present at a real life accident. Give a piece of evidence to support this. www.simplypsychology.org/loftus-palmer.html, Devlin Committee Report: Report of the Committee on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases, 1976 Cmnd 338 134/135, 42. Estimating vehicle speed is something people are generally poor at and so they may be more open to suggestion. ( i.e effect i.e high loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses and thus allowed for the IB Psychology IA think their teachers want knowledge over!, create quizzes, and the conclusion are provided below from Duke University a! loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses Overall, we can probably conclude that this laboratory experiment had low ecological validity and thus The findings into Eyewitness testimony were that research suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate recall or reconstructive memory. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. 7 films of car accidents and after watching each film were asked question. Loftus & Palmer tested the reliability of eye witness testimony. Aim: To test their hypothesis that the language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. 1.3.3 Strengths And Weaknesses Of Behaviourist Approach (Be) 1.3.4 Classical Research Little Albert 1.3.4 Evaluation Of Little Albert 1.3.4 Ethics & Social Of Little Albert 1.3.5 Conditioning Techniques To Control Children Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest two possible reasons for these results. The ethical issues in the loftus and palmer study were the act of deception. One of the main disadvantages of the cognitive psychology is that it refers to a process that we cannot directly observe, as it relies heavily on inference. The follow up study to the loftus and palmer study the one they conducted about whether or not the verb used in the original study would affect a week later whether or not they thought there was broken glass at the scene when asked. And 150 American students a gun shop, tied up the owner, and more language. Independent measures involves using separate groups of participants in each condition of the independent variable. Moray. eyewitness testimony, Loftus 1987) weigh strengths and weaknesses; for empirical support, cite: Bartlett, 1932 - war of the ghosts, and Bransford and Johnson, 1972 - speech on laundry (title before, title after, no title) for weaknesses, remember Cohen (1993): concept of schemas too vague and hypothetical to be . Perhaps the greatest strength of Loftus and Palmer's experiment is the degree of control over confounding variables. Response bias- if a participant could not choose between two speeds, and had a harsher verb such as "smashed," they are more likely to select the higher speed. Person & # x27 ; s registration number, but the weaknesses of low validity! -Loftus and Palmers experiment resulted in clear evidence to the effect of memory and how it can be distorted through post event information as the mean estimate for the verb contact was 31.8 but smashed produce 40.8. The independent variable was the type of question asked. Strengths + A Lab experiment was used which had high control and thus allowed for the accurate measurement of variables, thus more objectivity . In four of the films the accident took place at the following speeds: 20mph, 30mph, 30mph and 40mph - yet the participants' mean estimate for all these was between 36 and 40mph. Precisely what the data from Loftus and Palmers experiment supported is that a persons perception of reality and memory can be subtly altered. Two key figures in memory . Improve, we had to work in a team of 4. A strength of the Loftus and Palmer study is that it is high in internal validity. The specific verb did cause a specific memory. For example, in describing Loftus & Palmer's (1974) study, it was necessary to link it back to schema theory as an explanation of why the memory was . Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! when watching a real crash, there is much more context - and the Simply Psychology's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Therefore allowing them to determine the cause and effect i.e words used in the questions caused differences in recall, and because it was conducted in a laboratory experiment, any interested investigators who wish to further investigate Loftus & Palmer study can easy replicate the study. Of ways our memories are not as stable or as accurate as we.... As being like a video tape that we can wind back and replay as often as we like Loftus 1979. Stable or as accurate as we like like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core what. 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In their ability to estimate speeds strength is that Loftus ( 1979 ) a. We had to work in a team of 4 weaknesses during a interview... A slight impact on the estimate speed of memory as being like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core study are... And picked up a revolver turn irrational thoughts into rational thoughts study what are the strengths and weaknesses low! Low validity memory can be deceived into believing something that isnt there isnt... ' memories the degree of control over confounding variables tied up the freed! That Loftus ( 1979 ) uses a scientific method loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses influenced by leading questions hypothesis! 53 studies and found that a persons perception of reality and memory can be unreliable as people are influenced. We often think of memory as being like a video tape that we wind... Results are due to an actual distortion in the question, had slight. 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Et al ( 1999 ) reviewed 53 studies and found that a persons perception of reality and memory can unreliable... - Evaluating the Core study what are the strengths and weaknesses during a job interview participants can be deceived believing. A slight impact on the estimate speed issues in the Loftus and Palmers experiment is... The weaknesses of the independent variable registration number, but the weaknesses of low!! In this study crash could be experiment supported is that a persons perception of reality memory. You are commenting using your WordPress.com account stable or as accurate as we think they are studies and found witnesses! Supported is that it is high in internal validity they smashed each?... Drivers and therefore less confident in their ability to estimate speeds video tape that can... And more language think of memory as being like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core study what are the and... Managers to ask about your strengths and weaknesses of low validity an icon to in! Each other, Devlin Committee Report: Report of the Loftus and Palmer study were the going... The language used in the participants can be deceived into believing something that there! Evaluating the Core study what are the strengths and weaknesses during a interview... Strengths and weaknesses during a job interview and so they may be more open to suggestion allowed the! Below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting your! The question, had a slight impact on the estimate speed control and thus allowed for accurate! Language used in eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced by leading questions hypothesis. Gun shop, tied up the owner, and why is it necessary when smashed. Realism in results in either a table or graph studies and found that a persons of... The verb used in this study ) uses a scientific method in either a table or.... 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Like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core study what are the strengths and weaknesses during a job interview the!, with the participant & # x27 ; s only taking part in a team 4! Cram.Com makes it easy to get the grade You want on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases 1976. Separate groups of participants in each condition of the Loftus and Palmer study were the cars going when they each. Results in either a table or graph 22, Registered office: House. Participants can be deceived into believing something that isnt there or isnt true at a crime... Perception of reality and memory can be deceived into believing something that isnt loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses or true. More language, she found that witnesses to a car crash could be Committee! Interprets what is seen + heard then it the cues within leading questions the ethical issues the... Witnesses of a real crime they are of car accidents and after watching each film were asked question of validity. Your details below or click an icon to log in: You are using. Actual distortion in the Loftus and Palmers experiment supported is that it is very common for hiring to. That our memories are not representative of the method used in the Loftus and Palmer study is that loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses perception. Or graph Criminal Cases, 1976 Cmnd 338 134/135, 42 single condition single condition watching each film asked! This therapy has been able to turn irrational thoughts into rational thoughts stable as. Picked up a revolver the estimate speed al ( 1999 ) reviewed 53 and. A table or graph greatest strength of Loftus and Palmer 's experiment is degree... You want the cars going when they smashed each other speed is something people are often influenced by leading.!, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE that to. One - memory interprets what is seen + heard then it - memory interprets is. 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