We used the wget utility to download the file. After executing the above command, we are able to browse the /home/admin, and I found couple of interesting files like whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt. Now, We have all the information that is required. computer We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. This means that the HTTP service is enabled on the apache server. The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machines IP address. htb Tester(s): dqi, barrebas So, let us open the file on the browser. I hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise. Please comment if you are facing the same. Unfortunately nothing was of interest on this page as well. data limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed of 3mb. I still plan on making a ton of posts but let me know if these VulnHub write-ups get repetitive. The hint message shows us some direction that could help us login into the target application. We will continue this series with other Vulnhub machines as well. We do not understand the hint message. Getting the IP address with the Netdiscover utility, Escalating privileges to get the root access. Difficulty: Intermediate Although this is straightforward, this is slightly difficult for people who don't have enough experience with CTF challenges and Linux machines. we can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. On browsing I got to know that the machine is hosting various webpages . hackmyvm As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. We can employ a web application enumeration tool that uses the default web application directory and file names to brute force against the target system. Firstly, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. So, two types of services are available to be enumerated on the target machine. Name: Fristileaks 1.3 We do not know yet), but we do not know where to test these. 9. So, let us open the file on the browser to read the contents. The next step is to scan the target machine using the Nmap tool. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. In the Nmap Command, we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. walkthrough As seen in the output above, the command could not be run as user l does not have sudo permissions on the target machine. In the picture above we can see the open ports(22, 80, 5000, 8081, 9001) and services which are running on them. Merely adding the .png extension to the backdoor shell resulted in successful upload of the shell, and it also listed the directory where it got uploaded. We used the ls command to check the current directory contents and found our first flag. So now know the one username and password, and we can either try to login to the web portal or through the SSH port. It is linux based machine. This website uses 'cookies' to give you the best, most relevant experience. Vulnhub: Empire Breakout Walkthrough Vulnerable Machine 7s26simon 400 subscribers Subscribe 31 Share 2.4K views 1 year ago Vulnhub A walkthrough of Empire: Breakout Show more Show more. Continuing with our series on interesting Vulnhub machines, in this article we will see a walkthrough of the machine entitled Mr. Here we will be running the brute force on the SSH port that can be seen in the following screenshot. Categories So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. We started enumerating the web application and found an interesting hint hidden in the source HTML source code. remote command execution I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. It tells Nmap to conduct the scan on all the 65535 ports on the target machine. Trying directory brute force using gobuster. So, we identified a clear-text password by enumerating the HTTP port 80. We used the tar utility to read the backup file at a new location which changed the user owner group. backend The netbios-ssn service utilizes port numbers 139 and 445. In the command, we entered the special character ~ and after that used the fuzzing parameter, which should help us identify any directories or filenames starting with this character. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. We used the ping command to check whether the IP was active. We clicked on the usermin option to open the web terminal, seen below. So lets edit one of the templates, such as the 404 template, with our beloved PHP webshell. 6. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. Also, this machine works on VirtualBox. As we already know from the hint message, there is a username named kira. The VM isnt too difficult. I am from Azerbaijan. Let us use this wordlist to brute force into the target machine. We have identified an SSH private key that can be used for SSH login on the target machine. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. kioptrix So, let's start the walkthrough. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. Capturing the string and running it through an online cracker reveals the following output, which we will use. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. Let us start the CTF by exploring the HTTP port. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. api Using this username and the previously found password, I could log into the Webmin service running on port 20000. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. steganography We are going to exploit the driftingblues1 machine of Vulnhub. The final step is to read the root flag, which was found in the root directory. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. In the next part of this CTF, we will first use the brute-forcing technique to identify the password and then solve this CTF further. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. For me, this took about 1 hour once I got the foothold. Vulnhub Machines Walkthrough Series Fristileaks, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. We found another hint in the robots.txt file. However, enumerating these does not yield anything. Anyways, we can see that /bin/bash gets executed under root and now the user is escalated to root. It's themed as a throwback to the first Matrix movie. Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. The capability, cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Unlike my other CTFs, this time, we do not require using the Netdiscover command to get the target IP address. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. VulnHub Walkthrough Empire: BreakOut || VulnHub Complete Walkthrough Techno Science 4.23K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K views 8 months ago Learn More:. There are other things we can also do, like chmod 777 -R /root etc to make root directly available to all. This completes the challenge. Below we can see that we have inserted our PHP webshell into the 404 template. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. "Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough" Link to the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/vikings-1,741/ After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. Please try to understand each step. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. shenron Lets use netdiscover to identify the same. Then, we used John the ripper for cracking the password, but we were not able to crack the password of any user. As we can see below, we have a hit for robots.txt. It's themed as a throwback to the first Matrix movie. First, we tried to read the shadow file that stores all users passwords. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. Since we know that webmin is a management interface of our system, there is a chance that the password belongs to the same. Series: Fristileaks We identified a few files and directories with the help of the scan. Opening web page as port 80 is open. VulnHub: Empire: Breakout Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. So, we used to sudo su command to switch the current user as root. Quickly looking into the source code reveals a base-64 encoded string. Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. The identified password is given below for your reference. In the same directory there is a cryptpass.py which I assumed to be used to encrypt both files. The target application can be seen in the above screenshot. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if listed techniques are used against any other targets. ssti However, upon opening the source of the page, we see a brainf#ck cypher. Command used: << wget http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.mysecret.txt >>. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. Here, I wont show this step. Now at this point, we have a username and a dictionary file. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Let us try to decrypt the string by using an online decryption tool. flag1. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. 20. Getting the target machine IP Address by DHCP, Getting open port details by using the Nmap Tool, Enumerating HTTP Service with Dirb Utility. Lastly, I logged into the root shell using the password. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. Symfonos 2 is a machine on vulnhub. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. Since we are running a virtual machine in the same network, we can identify the target machine's IP address by running the netdiscover command. As usual, I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the ripper. Anyway, I have tested this machine on VirtualBox and it sometimes loses the network connection. There is a default utility known as enum4linux in kali Linux that can be helpful for this task. As the content is in ASCII form, we can simply open the file and read the file contents. Command used: << hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 ssh >>. There are enough hints given in the above steps. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. If we look at the bottom of the pages source code, we see a text encrypted by the brainfuck algorithm. The Dirb command and scan results can be seen below. frontend The identified username and password are given below for reference: Let us try the details to login into the target machine through SSH. We can conduct a web application enumeration scan on the target machines IP address to identify the hidden directories and files accessed through the HTTP service. The level is considered beginner-intermediate. [CLICK IMAGES TO ENLARGE]. Command used: << enum4linux -a 192.168.1.11 >>. In this post, I created a file in, How do you copy your ssh public key, (I guess from your kali, assuming ssh has generated keys), to /home/ragnar/authorized_keys?, abuse capability We used the -p- option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. development shellkali. We changed the URL after adding the ~secret directory in the above scan command. Please disable the adblocker to proceed. 18. We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. Following a super checklist here, I looked for a SUID bit set (which will run the binary as owner rather than who invokes it) and got a hit for nmap in /usr/local/bin. 2. Command used: < ssh i pass icex64@192.168.1.15 >>. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. Then we again spent some time on enumeration and identified a password file in the backup folder as follows: We ran ls l command to list file permissions which says only the root can read and write this file. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All rights reserved Pentest Diaries We opened the target machine IP address on the browser as follows: The webpage shows an image on the browser. There are numerous tools available for web application enumeration. The versions for these can be seen in the above screenshot. So, let us start the fuzzing scan, which can be seen below. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. passwordjohnroot. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. We tried to login into the target machine as user icex64, but the login could not be successful as the key is password protected. We researched the web to help us identify the encoding and found a website that does the job for us. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. sql injection This VM has three keys hidden in different locations. The root flag was found in the root directory, as seen in the above screenshot. Similarly, we can see SMB protocol open. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Command used: << dirb http://deathnote.vuln/ >>. suid abuse On the home page, there is a hint option available. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. python In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. Please Note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. We got a hit for Elliot.. Name: Empire: Breakout Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. 7. Once logged in, there is a terminal icon on the bottom left. Name: Empire: LupinOne Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. 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Crack it using John the ripper vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the above.. My other CTFs, this time, we can use this wordlist to brute force into the root,.